Stem cells have the capacity to self-renew to produce additional stem cells by process of mitosis. They can be classified as multipotent (ability to give rise to multiple cells within a lineage), pluripotent (ability to give rise to cell types

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of human embryos in the blastocysts stage of development. They show an unlimited capacity to self-renew in culture systems both in vivo and in vitro. 

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid that can be found in all living cells and has structural similarities to DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. An RNA molecule has a backbone made of alternating phosphate group and the sugar

Transfection is a widely used technique to introduce foreign nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. It is an essential tool enabling studies on gene function and gene products in cells. Advances in research techniques have enabled the transfection of various types

Induced pluripotent stem cells are a new type of pluripotent cells which can be obtained by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells. Pluripotent stem cells are a unique model for studying a variety of processes that occur in the early

Drug development is often a lengthy and costly process. Despite the technological advancements made in this regard in the past century, it still has low success rates in clinical trials. Presently over half of drugs that make to Phase 2

The many failures encountered in drug discovery processes have propelled the advancement of reliable research platforms to better mimic in-vivo like cellular structure and function thereby obtaining physiologically relevant cellular responses to drugs. To this end researchers have focused on

Cell therapy refers to as the transfer of autologous or allogenic cellular material into a patient for medical purpose. In the year 1889, the first practices of cell therapy were done by Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard in hormone therapy back then. He