Organoids are self-organized 3D structures derived from adult or embryonic stem cells that are able to represent the structure and function of the derived tissue. They are able to accurately mimic tissue specific structure and function consistent with in-vivo tissue

Organoid technology is improving rapidly with effective incorporation of immune cells and vascularization, which often represents the major hurdles in this technology. Other advancements are to facilitate new discovery research and drug development efforts. Glioblastoma is known to invade along the

Bian et al. recently developed protocols for genetically manipulating cerebral organoids to induce glioblastoma tumor growth named neoplastic cerebral organoids. This method uses CRISPR-based genome editing tools to create either oncogenic mutation or induce the expression of oncogenes to cause

To address the modelling of cell-to-cell communication with the cell population and the development of vasculature in organoid system, significant progress has been achieved with blood vessels organoids which shows a great potential to impact research into vascular diseases. Despite

A human model system is preferable to animal models when studying infectious diseases pathogenesis because pathogens often have a narrow species or tissue tropism, meaning that they infect only certain species and sometimes certain cell types. For decades there were not

Human organoid system fundamentally mimic a part of the human body but not the entire body. Organoid system lacks the interorgan communication. Therefore, human organoids are limited to reproduction of organ-specific or tissue-specific micro physiology, a limitation to bear in

A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue structure derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. They show the ability to stimulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Recent publications have reported that brain organoids

Human organoids are a vital source for precision medicine. They can be useful to select an appropriate drug for the patients with genetic diseases or cancer. Cystic fibrosis is a relatively common genetic disease with approximately 90,000 patients suffering with

A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue structure derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. They show the ability to stimulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Recent publications have reported that brain organoids