Organoids are 3D complex cluster of cells, derived from either stem cells or organ specific progenitors. When these cells are provided with an external scaffold like Matrigel, they form a complex cluster of cells that later differentiate to from a…
Colorectal cancer remains the second highest cause of death among all cancer-related mortalities. This is primarily due to tumor metastases and the inefficiency of available chemotherapeutic treatments (1,2). OoC models of colorectal cancers have been developed, however they are less…
The immune system is a host defense system and comprises many biological elements ranging from white blood cells to entire organs and many complex biological processes. The function of the immune system is to protect the host from pathogens and…
The immune system has a vital role in defending the body from harmful substances, germs, and thus infections. It is made up of a complex network of cells, chemicals, tissues, and organs that recognize invaders and mount an immune response…
Traditional tissue engineering methods showed limited success in the fabrication of complex 3D shapes resulting in non-feasible clinical applications. Over the past decade, 3D bioprinting technology emerged as a powerful tool in the field of tissue engineering to fabricate personalized…
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting uses 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and other biomaterials to fabricate biomedical structures to imitate natural tissue characteristics. 3D bioprinting uses a layer-by-layer method to deposit bioinks to create tissue-like structures that are later…
3D bioprinting or bioprinting is an additive manufacturing process that uses organic and biological materials such as living cells and nutrients as bioinks to combine and create artificial structures that imitate natural human tissues. Charles Hull was the first one…
Cell culture is an indispensable tool for the investigation of basic scientific research questions. To grow and maintain cells, cell culture media and supplements critical for their support are very important. Essential cell culture media components include carbohydrates, amino acids,…
Modern drug discovery processes have encountered major setbacks over the past decades, despite technological advances in analytical tools and the development of research model. This is primarily due to the lack of predictive models that reliably mimic the complex structure…
In the recent decades, 3D bioprinting methods have been widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Additionally, these techniques have also emerged as a novel approach in the development of in vivo-like 3D cell culture models (1-3). Advantages of…