Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a pluripotent stem cell line that is produced directly from a somatic cell. The technology is based on the principle that somatic cells can be converted in to pluripotent stem ells, by the introduction…
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse response to drugs or other xenobiotic chemicals. It can occur as a predictive event when a person is exposed to toxic amounts of some compounds or as an unpredictable event caused by…
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are widely accepted as an excellent in-vitro model of high through out drug screening, preclinical cancer research and cancer/stem cell research. 3D spheroid models are morphologically and functionally representative of in-vivo cell state, and are able to…
In recent decades there has been a strong move from 2 dimensional cell cultures to 3D cell culture systems as a laboratory tool to recapitulate the morphology of native human tissues. 3D cell culture systems has been quite challenging to…
In-vitro Cell culture assays are currently the most popular choice in basic and Pathophysiological research. Additionally cell based in-vitro assays are fast, easy and rapid making it an excellent platform for pharmacological and toxicological studies. Though traditional 2D cell cultures…
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are derived from the dental pulp; the soft living tissue within teeth. These cells are pluripotent and are able to differentiate into tissues that bare similarity to mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm layers (Atari et al,…
Bone is a mineralized connective tissue composed of four types of cells namely, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and bone lining cells. Bone tissue is constantly undergoing remodeling via the bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteocytes operate as…
The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The exocrine functions are performed by acinar cells, which secrete digestive enzymes. The endocrine role is played by the pancreatic islets; group of cells comprising of alpha, beta, delta and…
The Endothelium consists of a single layer of squamous endothelial cells, forming the inner lining of the circulatory system. It is has varying degrees of permeability depending on the organ physiology as it operates as a barrier between vessels and…
The Epithelium is a thin, continuous, layer of tightly packed cells formed as complex 3D structures such as cysts, tubules or invaginations. The shape of the epithelium is essential for its function as it aids in creating biochemical gradients that…