Embedded spheroid models recreate the complex interactions between cells and extracellular matrix and cell types within the contents of secondary cell types and tumour heterogeneity. The combination of natural matrices with spheroids lends itself to study cancer invasion, progression and…
Multicellular tumour spheroids are three dimensional structures composed of cancer cells. They are formed from monolayer tumour cells when these are grown by various in vitro methods such as spinner flasks or rotation systems. Due to their cellular organisation in…
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) comprise of a group of rare tumours that originates from the islets of langerhans (1). Diagnosis of pNEN is often complicated by hormone hyper secretion that culminates in early clinical manifestations. 85% of patients do not…
Spheroids formed within cancer cell lines mimic architecture and share the limited drug penetration properties since drugs are largely confined to outer cell layers. Spheroids, three dimensional architectures of cancer cells, are found in cancer patients with sizes of 250~…
Spheroids are three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates that can mimic tissues and mimic tumors. In recent years, there has been significant progress in development of in vitro aggregates. Epidermal spheroids provide a more representative view of the human skin than 2D…
Three-dimensional culture system provides unique platforms to study complex biological processes in vitro, particularly cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and stress responses. While 3D spheroid cultivation methods are well established in certain tissue types such as mammary and colorectal epithelial cells,…
Bian et al. recently developed protocols for genetically manipulating cerebral organoids to induce glioblastoma tumor growth named neoplastic cerebral organoids. This method uses CRISPR-based genome editing tools to create either oncogenic mutation or induce the expression of oncogenes to cause…
In the recent years 3D cultures of tumour cell lines have become an essential tool in cancer research and drug discovery processes. 3D cultures when compared with traditional 2D monolayer cultures, are able to produce cell cultures bearing close resemblance…
Remarkable advancements have been made in the ability to print complex tissue, including 3D model of Glioblastomas and other cancers. In 2019 Yi et al. published a new approach for creating a 3D bio-printed glioblastoma-on-a-chip model from patient derived cells…
Modern drug discovery processes has encountered significant setbacks in the past decades despite the technological advances made in analytical tools and research model development. This is primarily because of the use of inadequate biological models that do not mimic in-…