Drug development is often a lengthy and costly process. Despite the technological advancements made in this regard in the past century, it still has low success rates in clinical trials. Presently over half of drugs…
The many failures encountered in drug discovery processes have propelled the advancement of reliable research platforms to better mimic in-vivo like cellular structure and function thereby obtaining physiologically relevant cellular responses to drugs. To this…
Modern drug discovery processes has encountered significant setbacks in the past decades despite the technological advances made in analytical tools and research model development. This is primarily because of the use of inadequate biological models…
A human model system is preferable to animal models when studying infectious diseases pathogenesis because pathogens often have a narrow species or tissue tropism, meaning that they infect only certain species and sometimes certain cell…
Animal models for specific diseases require a pre-existing insight into whether it’s the causative or a genetic condition. They are created by applying harmful conditions to animals or by manipulating the genes involved for a…
Human organoid system fundamentally mimic a part of the human body but not the entire body. Organoid system lacks the interorgan communication. Therefore, human organoids are limited to reproduction of organ-specific or tissue-specific micro physiology,…
Spheroid models used in drug screens offer the benefit of a physiologically relevant biological model to allow for screening of cancer killing therapeutics or drugs toxicity to host cells. Spheroid culture systems are easy to…
The wide ranges of in vitro culturing techniques presently employed are divided into two main categories namely, adherent cell culture and suspension culture. Adherent cell culture involves cultivating cells as monolayers on an artificial substrate.…
A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue structure derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. They show the ability to stimulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Recent publications…
Hubert et al. were the first to report culturing glioblastoma as a more complex organoid composed of multiple cell types rather than relatively homogenous 3D spheroid. They had successfully created these GBM organoids from patient…