Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have gained more popularity over the last decade due to the advantages of better mimicking the in vivo microenvironment and tissue microarchitecture. However, applications of 3D cell culture models in high-throughput biomedical research are limited…
Magnetic 3D bioprinting uses magnetic fields to manipulate the positioning of magnetic nanoparticles or magnetized cells during the 3D printing process. The process of magnetic 3D bioprinting involves the following steps (1,2): 1. Preparing the magnetic particles or cells: Magnetic…
Cancer is one of the most threatening diseases and leading cause of death worldwide (1). Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity is often responsible for metastasis formation, treatment failure, and therapy resistance. The increase in the cost of research and development of…
The rather low success rates in new drug development and the increased costs suggest that alternative and robust strategies are required to improve early drug discovery. Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures do not provide a true in vitro representation of disease…
In the context of bioprinting, 3D printers use bioinks to print 3D organs which are prototypically similar to real organs. These 3D-printed organ-like structures have the potential to be used in vivo as organ transplants or in vitro in the…
Regenerative medicine largely depends on research performed using stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by stemness which is defined as the ability for self-renewal, to generate new stem cells from one original cell, and by multipotency, which refers to their…
Cell culture is the process of growing cells outside of their natural environment, typically in a laboratory setting. It involves the cultivation of cells in a controlled environment, usually in a special liquid medium that provides the necessary nutrients and…
Multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are formed through spontaneous aggregation of cells in the presence of adhesion molecules known as cadherins (1). Decades of research have proved MCSs to be an efficient 3D cell culture model for a wide array of research.…
Multicellular spheroids are formed through spontaneous aggregation of cells in the presence of adhesion molecules known as cadherins (1). Since its first implementation in 1952 (2), multicellular spheroids have served as an efficient 3D cell culture model for a wide…
An animal model is a living, non-human species that imitates various facets of the biological processes found in humans. Rat and mouse animal models are essential in biomedical research in several contexts, including diabetes, cancer, drug assessments, and systemic autoimmune…