In recent decades there has been a strong move from 2 dimensional cell cultures to 3D cell culture systems as a laboratory tool to recapitulate the morphology of native human tissues. 3D cell culture systems has been quite challenging to…
In-vitro Cell culture assays are currently the most popular choice in basic and Pathophysiological research. Additionally cell based in-vitro assays are fast, easy and rapid making it an excellent platform for pharmacological and toxicological studies. Though traditional 2D cell cultures…
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are derived from the dental pulp; the soft living tissue within teeth. These cells are pluripotent and are able to differentiate into tissues that bare similarity to mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm layers (Atari et al,…
Bone is a mineralized connective tissue composed of four types of cells namely, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and bone lining cells. Bone tissue is constantly undergoing remodeling via the bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteocytes operate as…
The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The exocrine functions are performed by acinar cells, which secrete digestive enzymes. The endocrine role is played by the pancreatic islets; group of cells comprising of alpha, beta, delta and…
The Endothelium consists of a single layer of squamous endothelial cells, forming the inner lining of the circulatory system. It is has varying degrees of permeability depending on the organ physiology as it operates as a barrier between vessels and…
The Epithelium is a thin, continuous, layer of tightly packed cells formed as complex 3D structures such as cysts, tubules or invaginations. The shape of the epithelium is essential for its function as it aids in creating biochemical gradients that…
The human lung performs functions necessary for survival; such as gas exchange and a gatekeeper function; protecting our body from external hazards. Alveoli, the functional tissue of the lung comprises of type-1 cells, which together with endothelial capillaries, form the…
Brain cells collectively comprise the functional tissue of the brain (1). They are composed of 2 main types of cells, neuronal and glial cells (1). Glial cells can be further divided into astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes and microglia, which play…
The liver is an organ that is part of the digestive system in vertebrates. It is composed of 4 different types of cells, hepatocytes (HCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KC) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Hepatocytes are…