Cell therapy refers to as the transfer of autologous or allogenic cellular material into a patient for medical purpose. In the year 1889, the first practices of cell therapy were done by Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard in hormone therapy back then. He…
A brain organoid is a self-organizing three-dimensional tissue structure derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. They show the ability to stimulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain. Recent publications have reported that brain organoids…
Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered as among the most severe tumours across cancer types, and among brain tumours is considered most lethal. At present glioblastomas are incurable. These are aggressive tumours, infiltrating healthy neural tissues to the point of rendering surgical…
Cancer stem cells constitute a fraction of cancer cells, that are able to self renew, and differentiate to generate entire tumor structures. These cells were discovered in the 1990s, in hemopoietic cancers, and subsequently reported to be present in solid…
Tumor cells typically grow in 3-dimentional configurations. The surrounding tumor microenvironment is composed of non-tumor cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Within this microenvironment, tumor cells face hard growth conditions that include low oxygen exposure and nutrient levels and a susceptible…
Cellular assays or cell-based assays are essential tools for studying cellular mechanisms in live cells. Many cellular assays are designed and optimized for identifying or quantifying a specific response to an external stimulus. Assays can be divided into few categories…
Stem cells serve as the primary resource in regenerative medicine including tissue engineering and transplantation therapy. To this effect human mesenchymal stem cells contain secretory factors with anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and immune regulation factors that makes them an efficient resource for…
As the new technologies are evolving along with the new discoveries, there is a huge need to scale up and speed up the process of producing cells at a larger scale. Below are the commonly preferred devices used to scale…
With the evolving tools of molecular biology and biotechnology, many scientists have found out a way to scale up the cell cultures to produce enough amounts of cells or contained medium for further purifications or subcellular fractions. Frequently used devices…
Three-dimensional cultures provide unique platform to study complex biological processes in vitro mainly cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and stress. However, 3D spheroid culture methods are well established in certain tissue types, it is still challenging to cultivate 3D spheroids from…