Multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are formed through spontaneous aggregation of cells in the presence of adhesion molecules known as cadherins (1). Decades of research have proved MCSs to be an efficient 3D cell culture model for…
Multicellular spheroids are formed through spontaneous aggregation of cells in the presence of adhesion molecules known as cadherins (1). Since its first implementation in 1952 (2), multicellular spheroids have served as an efficient 3D cell…
An animal model is a living, non-human species that imitates various facets of the biological processes found in humans. Rat and mouse animal models are essential in biomedical research in several contexts, including diabetes, cancer,…
Animal models are non-human species that can be applied to reproduce the disease, diagnosis, and treatment progression that occurs in humans. Animal models are a fundamental tool in biomedical research and have many applications and…
Animal models are used to study the effects of drugs and chemicals before testing them on human volunteers. Every year, millions of experimental animals are used all over the world for the advancement of research…
Regenerative medicine refers to the method of replacing, engineering or regenerating human or animal cells, tissues, or organs with the aim to restore normal physiological functions (1). It has the potential to engineer damaged tissues…
Since the introduction of monolayer cell cultures, cell culture methods have advanced exponentially in the past decade, moving from traditional 2D cell culture methods to 3D cultures. While 2D cultures are simple and allows for…
Fluorescence is the property of some atoms and molecules to absorb radiation at a particular wavelength and subsequently emit light at a longer wavelength upon excitation of the atoms. A fluorescence microscope is a powerful…